In recent years several initiatives have utilised sports as a tool for social change, driven by the desire to support people forced to leave their community due to war, political conflict, natural disasters and economic distress. The number of forcibly displaced people worldwide is currently estimated at over 103 million.

Many of these projects ประโยชน์ของการแทงบาคาร่าออนไลน์ use organised team sports, especially football, as the vehicle to promote tolerance and coexistence. They also strive to empower young people, to enable them to take responsibility and assume leadership roles in their communities. These projects have a broad reach with the potential to address various societal issues such as unemployment, drug abuse and gang involvement.

Sports As a Tool for Social Change – Case Studies

These projects differ in their approach – from a grassroots perspective to more top-down approaches with governmental or inter-governmental involvement and sponsorship. The Dutch Sport Steward program, for example, is an example of a more top-down approach whereas the Vencer project in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil has a strong civil society component but is still predominantly funded by the government.

The articles in this special issue make a valuable contribution to the scholarship of Sports as a Tool for Social Change and reveal key considerations that should be considered by both researchers and practitioners alike. One such consideration is to ensure that programs are not framed solely on the basis of their impact on a particular social problem and that these impacts are understood as part of broader socio-economic, cultural and ecological implications.